Which of the following endocrine glands is directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system

The human nervous system consists of two main parts, the central nervous system CNS and the peripheral nervous system PNS. The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord.

Received Nov 27; Accepted Mar Abstract This manuscript discusses the physiology of the autonomic nervous system ANS.

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The following topics are presented: In addition, the application of this material to the practice of pharmacy is of special interest. Two case studies regarding insecticide poisoning and pheochromocytoma are included.

Background

The ANS and the accompanying case studies are discussed over 5 lectures and 2 recitation sections during a 2-semester course in Human Physiology. The students are in the first-professional year of the doctor of pharmacy program.

A thorough knowledge of this system is quite important as it prepares the pharmacy student for further studies in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and therapeutics. The ANS plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis.

Although this manuscript focuses primarily on the basic anatomy and physiology of the ANS, references to diseases and medications involving the ANS are included to illustrate the application of this system to the practice of pharmacy. The lectures typically include students, although the recitation sections are much smaller with students.

The students are in the first professional year of a doctor of pharmacy program. Also known as the visceral or involuntary nervous system, the ANS functions without conscious, voluntary control. Because it innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and various endocrine and exocrine glands, this nervous system influences the activity of most tissues and organ systems in the body.

Therefore, the ANS makes a significant contribution to homeostasis. The regulation of blood pressure, gastrointestinal responses to food, contraction of the urinary bladder, focusing of the eyes, and thermoregulation are just a few of the many homeostatic functions regulated by the ANS.

At this point in the class discussion, we take a break from our traditional classroom format for a story about my next door neighbor, Joe, and my skeleton, Matilda. Joe leaves for work at 5: Halloween morning, we arose at 4: Completely unsuspecting, Joe came walking down the driveway at his usual time.

Poor Joe stood by his truck wide-eyed and clutching his chest. His heart began racing, his blood pressure increased, his pupils dilated, he began sweating, the hair on his arms and the back of his neck stood on end, and he felt a surge of adrenaline.

My heart rate was comparatively slower and my digestive system was processing the cream and sugar in my coffee. These are some of the effects of parasympathetic nervous activity. I tell my students that during the next several class periods they will learn in great detail about the many functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the neurotransmitters released by their neurons, the receptors to which they bind, and how it is all regulated.

At this point, the students often look as afraid as Joe did that Halloween morning.The endocrine system is also essential to communication. This system utilizes glands located throughout the body, which secrete hormones that regulate a variety of things such as metabolism, digestion, blood pressure and growth.

While the endocrine system is not directly linked to the nervous system, the two interact in a number of ways.

Think Like A Cop

The gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine glands is the A) thyroid. B) thymus. C) pancreas. D) pituitary. E) hypothalamus. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is that part of the peripheral nervous system that largely acts independent of conscious control (involuntarily) and consists of nerves in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and exocrine and endocrine glands.

It is responsible for maintenance functions (metabolism, cardiovascular activity, temperature regulation, digestion) that have a reputation for being. Agent Orange (Dioxin) and ESOPHAGEAL CANCERS. AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANCERS. AS WELL AS OTHER Toxic Chemicals.

ASSOCIATED TO Military Service in Vietnam this IS A DRAFT AND IS NOT COMPLETE. Posted on: Human nervous system - The reproductive system: The sexual response in both males and females can be defined by three physiological events.

The first stage begins with psychogenic impulses in higher neural centres, which travel through multineuronal pathways and cause excitation of sacral parasympathetic outflow innervating vascular tissues of the penis or clitoris. In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing grams ( oz) in humans.

It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the caninariojana.com hypophysis rests upon the hypophysial fossa of the sphenoid bone in the center of the middle cranial fossa and is surrounded by a small bony cavity (sella turcica.