Combustion of alcohols gcse coursework

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The ' alcohol ' of the homologous series of alcohols!

What we call alcohol in everyday life is a substance whose chemical name is ethanol. Ethanol is just one member of a family of substances, the homologous series we call alcohols, which all have the C—OH 'hydroxy' functional group in their structure.

Ethanol and other alcohols - molecular structure, the physical and chemical properties of ethanol or or or The first formula is the simplest formula to show the structure of ethanol and the last image is the full graphic structural displayed formula of ethanol, i.

Ethanol 'alcohol' is a colourless toxic liquid that boils at 79oC.

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Ethanol is used as a solvent, as a biofuel can be mixed with petrol or used directlyand used to make 'ethyl esters' see Esters page as well as the 'potent' chemical present in alcoholic drinks! The alcohol ethanol used in beer and wines is made by fermentation, NOT from ethene derived from cracking crude oil.

The fermentation chemistry to produce alcoholic drinks is outlined below. Note that ethanol can be made from waste biomass see Biofuels Ethanol can be produced by fermentation of sugars.

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The raw material is usually a sugar from a carbohydrate source e. The sugar is mixed with water and yeast at just above room temperature oC in a reactor vessel a big vat! The yeast contains an enzyme called zymase which acts as the biological catalyst to convert sugar to ethanol in fermentation.

Under anaerobic conditions at an optimum temperature of 30oC to 40oC, the sugars react via the enzymes in the yeast cells to form ethanol and carbon dioxide gas.

If the temperature is too low, the reaction is too slow. If the temperature is to high the enzyme is denatured - the molecular structure is distorted so the active site doesn't work properly. Oxygen from air must be excluded to maintain anaerobic conditions - the reaction is an example of anaerobic respiration.

Other enzymes present can catalyse the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid acetic acid, vinegarnot a nice taste. The fermentation reaction of the sugar obtained from the sugar cane or sugar cane is The acid would also lower the pH lowering the effectiveness of the enzyme and it wouldn't do the taste of beer any good either.

When the reaction is over, the 'yeast sludge' settles out and the mixture decanted poured off leaving the sludge behind off prior to distillation. The fractional distillation more details below concentrates the alcohol for particular products.

Teacher note - class fermentation experiment A simple recipe for small groups of pupils: Pour into a cm3 conical flask.

Add a teaspoon of dried yeast. You can just use a cotton wool plug, but more awkward to get a gas sample to test. Keep in a warm place if possible between lessons.Revision notes on alcohols in chemistry, physical properties of alcohols like ethanol, uses of alcohols like ethanol, chemical reactions of alcohols, help when revising for AQA GCSE chemistry, Edexcel GCSE chemistry, OCR GCSE gateway science chemistry, OCR 21st century science chemistry GCSE chemistry examinations.

Chemistry Coursework: Comparing the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols Background The enthalpy (energy) change of combustion, or as it is known in its shortened form?Hc is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of a fuel is burned completely in oxygen.

An investigation into the heat of combustion of five alcohols Essay - Alcohols: An investigation into the heat of combustion of five alcohols Planning ===== Introduction I am trying to determine the heat of combustion for the first five alcohols, which are; ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol.

Essay on Comparing the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols - Comparing the enthalpy changes of combustion of different alcohols Planning What are alcohols.

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Ll droit alcohols coursework Keep Rapprochement Calories.